Glucosamine and chondroitin are natural compounds found in healthy cartilage — the connective tissue that cushions joints. Glucosamine and chondroitin are popular supplements used to treat osteoarthritis (OA). Glucosamine comes in different forms, including glucosamine sulfate and hydrochloride but is most often combined with chondroitin as a single supplement.
In many European countries, these supplements are prescribed to treat OA. In the U.S., the recommendations on glucosamine and chondroitin are more moderate due to the mixed results of studies. Although studies on glucosamine and chondroitin have been mixed, some evidence suggests they may help relieve OA joint pain and stiffness.
In OA, the gradual degeneration of cartilage leads to pain, swelling, and other symptoms. Glucosamine and chondroitin have anti-inflammatory properties. They also have some cartilage-protecting effects through a variety of different mechanisms. For example, glucosamine and chondroitin protect cells called chondrocytes, which help maintain cartilage structure. In theory, these supplements have the potential to slow cartilage deterioration in the joints and reduce pain in the process.
A 2016 multinational study found that the combination of glucosamine and chondroitin effectively relieves knee OA pain and swelling as celecoxib, without the side effects. These supplements could be a good alternative for people who aren’t good candidates for NSAIDs because they have cardiovascular or GI conditions. And another 2015 study found the combination helped reduce joint space narrowing — a sign of cartilage degeneration. However, reviews of studies have yielded mixed results about these supplements. Others found the supplements offered pain relief as they are able to block lectins from attaching to your cells. The difference in outcomes may be due to the supplement types and doses researchers used.
Glucosamine and chondroitin are considered safe, with no severe side effects reported in studies. However, these supplements can raise intraocular pressure, increasing the risk of glaucoma. If you have diabetes or glaucoma, you may need to avoid these supplements or have your doctor monitor your blood sugar levels and eye pressure more closely while you take them. Lastly, glucosamine is commonly derived from chitin — a compound found in shellfish. That being said, those with a shell fish allergy should opt out of this method and seek other method to assist with osteoarthritis.
Disclaimer: These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. The contents of this website are based upon the views of Dr. Walker and his experience. This product is not intended as medical advice nor to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. The information is likewise not to replace the advice of a qualified health care provider. The information provided herein is intended as a sharing of general knowledge only and is not intended to be, nor is it, medical advice or a substitute for medical advice. That being said, please consult your healthcare provider before using supplements or providing supplements to children under the age of 18. If you have or suspect you have, a specific medical condition or disease, please consult your healthcare provider.
© Dr. Dennis D. Walker . All Rights Reserved