Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer. It proliferates and spreads very fast across other parts of the body. Melanoma comes from skin cells known as melanocytes. These cells produce melanin which is the dark pigment that gives our skin color. Melanoma can develop anywhere in the body. Oftentimes, it is seen to occur on areas of the body that are most exposed to the sun such as the face, legs, backs, and arms.
How Common Is Melanoma?
According to the statistics from the Academy of Dermatology Association, over 1 million Americans are living with Melanoma. In 2022, Invasive melanoma was projected to be the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer for both men and women. Hence, before the age of 50, the incidence of melanoma is higher in women compared to men. While after the age of 50, and in general, the rate of this skin cancer in men is higher.
Who Is at Risk for Melanoma?
Several factors can increase an individual’s susceptibility to melanoma. Some of these include:
~ Sun Exposure: The most common risk factor of melanoma is exposure to the ultraviolet rays of the sun. People who live at high altitudes have a higher risk of developing melanoma skin cancer.
~ Indoor Tanning: Aside from the exposure to the sun, people who make use of tanning beds, tanning parlors, or sun lamps are at an increased risk of developing melanoma.
~ Fair Skin: People with certain traits like red hair, fair complexion, blue eyes, and freckles are highly susceptible to melanoma.
~ Race or Ethnicity: The rate of melanoma is 20 times higher in white people than in black people. Anyone of any race, ethnicity, or complexion can develop melanoma.
What Are the ABCDEs Concerning Skin Lesions?
ABCDE are the characteristics of skin damage that doctors look out for. It represents Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, and Evolving.
· Asymmetry: Melanoma does not have a uniform shape which makes it asymmetrical. Non-cancerous moles appear symmetrical.
· Border: Melanoma is often characterized by its border. The border appears irregular in shape, while noncancerous borders have a smooth shape.
· Color: Melanoma lesions have multiple colors or shades. Noncarcinogenic moles usually have one color.
· Diameter: The growth of this skin cancer are generally larger than 6mm in diameter.
· Evolution: Melanoma is prone to making some characteristic changes. These changes occur in their size, shape, or color.
What are the Causes of Melanoma?
One cause of melanoma skin cancer is exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun or other causes like solariums. This is quite common with people with a history of sunburn, especially from childhood.
What are the Symptoms of Melanoma?
Unfortunately, Melanoma does not have symptoms. But, the first sign of its development is seen in an existing mole. The mole undergoes several changes, some of which include:
· Color: A mole may become blotchy or have varying color shades.
· Size: A mole may appear to be a lot bigger.
· Shape: It may become less symmetrical.
· Elevation: It may also develop a blotted area.
· Itching & Bleeding.
Can Skin Cancer Be Prevented?
Skin cancer can be prevented. One way of prevention is by avoiding sunburn by reducing exposure to UV rays. Other preventive measures include:
~ At-risk people should decrease sun exposure during the middle of the day between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.
~ Use a lip balm with sunscreen.
~ Wear hats with brims, sunglasses, long-sleeved shirts and pants.
~ Avoid tanning lamps and beds.
~ Become familiar with your skin so that you will notice changes.
How Is Melanoma Diagnosed?
Melanoma can be diagnosed in many ways. They include:
· Physical examination
· Biopsy
· Checking lymph nodes
When Should You Call Your Doctor?
You should call a doctor if you notice a skin lesion or a mole that aligns with the ABCDE guidelines. Or if you see a new mole or skin lesion.
Disclaimer: These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. The contents of this website are based upon the views of Dr. Walker and his experience. This product is not intended as medical advice nor to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. The information is likewise not to replace the advice of a qualified health care provider. The information provided herein is intended as a sharing of general knowledge only and is not intended to be, nor is it, medical advice or a substitute for medical advice. That being said, please consult your healthcare provider before using supplements or providing supplements to children under the age of 18. If you have or suspect you have, a specific medical condition or disease, please consult your healthcare provider.
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