Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a group of drugs whose purpose it is to reduce stomach acid.
While most of the side effects are mild and manageable, there are a number of adverse events which can occur with long-term use or overuse. These include problems with the absorption of minerals, changes in bone density, and an increased risk for certain chronic illnesses.2
How Proton Pump Inhibitors Work
Proton pump inhibitors are commonly used to treat disorders like GERD, peptic ulcers and erosive gastritis… PPIs work by binding to a cell on the wall of the stomach called the parietal cell whose purpose it is to produce hydrochloric acid (HCL). By doing so, the stomach is less able to secrete HCL, allowing ulcers to heal and reflux to subside.4
PPIs differ from H2 blockers in that PPIs shut down the acid pumps while H2 blockers only block the signal that trigger acid production. Because of this, PPIs work for up to 24 hours and provide relief for up to 72 hours. H2 blockers, by contrast, work for 12 hours.5
Side Effects and Interactions
Increasing evidence suggests that long-term use may result in more serious problems. Among them:
• It has been suggested that PPI use can interfere with the absorption of calcium, leading to bone fractures in certain cases. In response, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued warnings in 2011 advising that over-the-counter PPIs should be used for no longer than two weeks at a time for up to three treatments per year.8
• Long-term PPI use has also been associated with a slight increase in the risk of community-acquired pneumonia and Clostridium difficile infection.2
• A recent study shows a 20% to 50% higher risk of chronic kidney disease in PPI users.9
• A similar study suggested that persons who took PPIs regularly had a 44% greater risk of dementia.10
The research findings highlight the fact that PPIs should only be used for short-term relief or treatment rather than as a means to prevent gastric illnesses on a long-term basis.
Many of these adverse effects appear connected to the fact that PPIs not only turn off acid pumps in the stomach but in the rest of the body, as well. This includes the part of a cell called the lysosome which uses acid to clear waste. Without the means to do so, the waste can accumulate and cause the cell to deteriorate and age. This phenomenon may account for the increases seen in the studies.11
Disclaimer: These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. The contents of this website are based upon the views of Dr. Walker and his experience. This product is not intended as medical advice nor to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. The information is likewise not to replace the advice of a qualified health care provider. The information provided herein is intended as a sharing of general knowledge only and is not intended to be, nor is it, medical advice or a substitute for medical advice. That being said, please consult your healthcare provider before using supplements or providing supplements to children under the age of 18. If you have or suspect you have, a specific medical condition or disease, please consult your healthcare provider.
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